diff --git a/src/GamePanel.java b/src/GamePanel.java
index 9752784..c8e3659 100644
--- a/src/GamePanel.java
+++ b/src/GamePanel.java
@@ -304,13 +304,7 @@ public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements Runnable, KeyListener{
 
   //if a key is pressed, we'll send it over to the Player class for processing
   public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e){
-    for (Middleware m: middlewareArray) {
-      if (m.canIntercept(e)) {
-        e = m.interceptKey(e);
-        System.out.println("intercept");
-        break;
-      }
-    }
+    e = UtilityFunction.intercept(e, middlewareArray);
     if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE) {
       isPaused = !isPaused;
     } else {
@@ -320,12 +314,7 @@ public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements Runnable, KeyListener{
 
   //if a key is released, we'll send it over to the Player class for processing
   public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e){
-    for (Middleware m: middlewareArray) {
-      if (m.canIntercept(e)) {
-        e = m.interceptKey(e);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
+    e = UtilityFunction.intercept(e, middlewareArray);
     player.keyReleased(e);
     if(e.getKeyChar() == 'p'){
       LevelManager.nextLevel();
diff --git a/src/MenuPanel.java b/src/MenuPanel.java
index fbd8375..9880935 100644
--- a/src/MenuPanel.java
+++ b/src/MenuPanel.java
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ public class MenuPanel extends JPanel implements Runnable, KeyListener{
     //dimensions of window
     public static final int GAME_WIDTH = 1225;
     public static final int GAME_HEIGHT = 630;
-    public final static int TOTAL_BOXES = 2;
 
     public CameraPanel gameFrame;
 
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ public class MenuPanel extends JPanel implements Runnable, KeyListener{
         this.gameFrame = gameFrame;
         camera = gameFrame.camera;
 
-        title = new TextBox(100, 400, 100, GAME_WIDTH, standardFont, "Detroit", null);
+        title = new TextBox(100, 400, 100, GAME_WIDTH, standardFont, "Placeholder", null);
         enter = new TextBox(300, 600, 100, GAME_WIDTH, standardFont, "Start Game", "game");
         settings = new TextBox(400, 600, 100, GAME_WIDTH, standardFont, "Settings", "settings");
         textBoxArray.add(enter);
@@ -146,18 +145,13 @@ public class MenuPanel extends JPanel implements Runnable, KeyListener{
 
     //if a key is pressed, we'll send it over to the Player class for processing
     public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
+        e = UtilityFunction.intercept(e, GamePanel.middlewareArray);
         if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER) {
             // logic for different screens starts here
             CardLayout cardLayout = (CardLayout) gameFrame.getLayout();
             cardLayout.show(gameFrame, textBoxArray.get(currentBox).id);
-        } else if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_UP || e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_W) {
-            // if currentBox > 0, subtract one
-            // else, set to TOTAL_BOXES-1
-            currentBox = currentBox > 0 ? currentBox - 1:textBoxArray.size() - 1;
-        } else if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN || e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_S) {
-            // if currentBox > total box amount - 1, set to 0
-            // else, set to TOTAL_BOXES-1
-            currentBox = currentBox < textBoxArray.size() - 1 ? currentBox + 1:0;
+        } else {
+            currentBox = UtilityFunction.processBox(e, currentBox, textBoxArray);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/SettingPanel.java b/src/SettingPanel.java
index 53406f0..afe8d31 100644
--- a/src/SettingPanel.java
+++ b/src/SettingPanel.java
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import java.awt.*;
 import java.awt.event.*;
 import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.security.Key;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 
 public class SettingPanel extends JPanel implements Runnable, KeyListener{
@@ -112,13 +113,19 @@ public class SettingPanel extends JPanel implements Runnable, KeyListener{
         for (TextBox t: textBoxArray) {
             oldText = t.text;
             middlewareIndex = GamePanel.middlewareArray.indexOf(new Middleware(Integer.parseInt(t.id), -1));
-            t.text += "(" + (middlewareIndex > -1 ? (char)GamePanel.middlewareArray.get(middlewareIndex).newCode:(char)Integer.parseInt(t.id)) + ")";
+            t.text += "(" + (middlewareIndex > -1 ? (char)GamePanel.middlewareArray.get(middlewareIndex).newCode:
+                    GamePanel.middlewareArray.contains(new Middleware(-2, Integer.parseInt(t.id))) ?
+                            "None":(char)Integer.parseInt(t.id)) + ")";
             t.draw(g, null, Color.cyan);
             t.text = oldText;
         }
         oldText = textBoxArray.get(currentBox).text;
+        // TODO: clean up
         middlewareIndex = GamePanel.middlewareArray.indexOf(new Middleware(Integer.parseInt(textBoxArray.get(currentBox).id), -1));
-        textBoxArray.get(currentBox).text += "(" + (middlewareIndex > -1 ? (char)GamePanel.middlewareArray.get(middlewareIndex).newCode:(char)Integer.parseInt(textBoxArray.get(currentBox).id)) + ")";
+        // -2 was chosen as oldCode instead of -1 to prevent conflicts
+        textBoxArray.get(currentBox).text += "(" + (middlewareIndex > -1 ? (char)GamePanel.middlewareArray.get(middlewareIndex).newCode:
+                GamePanel.middlewareArray.contains(new Middleware(-2, Integer.parseInt(textBoxArray.get(currentBox).id))) ?
+                        "None":(char)Integer.parseInt(textBoxArray.get(currentBox).id)) + ")";
         textBoxArray.get(currentBox).draw(g, Color.gray, Color.blue);
         textBoxArray.get(currentBox).text = oldText;
         if (waitForKey) {
@@ -169,7 +176,9 @@ public class SettingPanel extends JPanel implements Runnable, KeyListener{
     }
 
     public void changeKeyBind() {
-        if (lastKeyCode != -1) {
+        if (lastKeyCode == KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE) {
+            lastKeyCode = -1;
+        } else if (lastKeyCode != -1) {
             boolean canRemove = true;
             while (canRemove) {
                 // newCode is -1 as it does not matter
@@ -186,22 +195,21 @@ public class SettingPanel extends JPanel implements Runnable, KeyListener{
 
     //if a key is pressed, we'll send it over to the Player class for processing
     public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
+        if (!waitForKey) {
+            e = UtilityFunction.intercept(e, GamePanel.middlewareArray);
+        }
         if (waitForKey) {
-            lastKeyCode = e.getKeyCode();
-            waitForKey = false;
+            if (e.getKeyCode() != KeyEvent.VK_ENTER) {
+                lastKeyCode = e.getKeyCode();
+                waitForKey = false;
+            }
         } else if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE) {
             ((CardLayout)gameFrame.getLayout()).show(gameFrame, "menu");
         } else if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER) {
             // logic for changing keys starts here
             waitForKey = true;
-        } else if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_UP || e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_W) {
-            // if currentBox > 0, subtract one
-            // else, set to TOTAL_BOXES-1
-            currentBox = currentBox > 0 ? currentBox - 1:textBoxArray.size() - 1;
-        } else if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN || e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_S) {
-            // if currentBox > total box amount - 1, set to 0
-            // else, set to TOTAL_BOXES-1
-            currentBox = currentBox < textBoxArray.size() - 1 ? currentBox + 1:0;
+        } else {
+            currentBox = UtilityFunction.processBox(e, currentBox, textBoxArray);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/UtilityFunction.java b/src/UtilityFunction.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7facb48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/UtilityFunction.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+public final class UtilityFunction {
+    private UtilityFunction(){}
+
+    public static KeyEvent intercept(KeyEvent e, ArrayList<Middleware> middlewareArray) {
+        for (Middleware m: middlewareArray) {
+            if (m.canIntercept(e)) {
+                e = m.interceptKey(e);
+                return e;
+            }
+        }
+        return e;
+    }
+
+    public static int processBox(KeyEvent e, int currentBox, ArrayList<TextBox> textBoxArray) {
+        if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_UP || e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_W) {
+            // if currentBox > 0, subtract one
+            // else, set to TOTAL_BOXES-1
+            return currentBox > 0 ? currentBox - 1:textBoxArray.size() - 1;
+        } else if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN || e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_S) {
+            // if currentBox > total box amount - 1, set to 0
+            // else, set to TOTAL_BOXES-1
+            return currentBox < textBoxArray.size() - 1 ? currentBox + 1:0;
+        }
+        return currentBox;
+    }
+}